ÎÛÎÛÂþ®‹

§¯§Ñ§ê§Ú §æ§à§ß§Õ§í

§¶§à§ß§Õ§í §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ó

§¢§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §¥§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §·§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§â§ê§Ö§Ý§î§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ú §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§Ö §æ§à§ß§Õ§í.

§¢§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ö§ä§Ö§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §å§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü The Economic Intelligence Unit, OECD iLibrary §Ú Hein Online, §à§ä§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ñ§Þ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§ä§é§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó, §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§ç §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô §á§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ. §¯§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§Þ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Þ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §°§°§¯ §Ú §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Ú§ç §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §°§°§¯, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ú §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §°§°§¯, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Õ§í §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §µ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û (ITP) §Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ó§î§ð, §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ  (Oral History)?.

§¶§à§ß§Õ§í §á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó

§¶§à§ß§Õ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó §£§å§Õ§â§à §£§Ú§Ý§î§ã§à§ß§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §­§Ú§Ô§Ö §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ö§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §±§â§Ö§á§à§Õ§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó §á§à§Õ§Ñ§â§à§Ü §¶§à§ß§Õ§à§Þ §£§å§Õ§â§à §£§Ú§Ý§î§ã§à§ß§Ñ §Ó 1950 §Ô§à§Õ§å, §à§ß §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 8600 §ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §­§Ú§Ô§Ú §Ú 6500 §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §ß§Ö§Û §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô §Ú §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â.

§¶§à§ß§Õ §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §°§°§¯, §Ú§ç §Õ§à§é§Ö§â§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ñ§æ§æ§Ú§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§à§ß§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú; §à§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ú §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û.

§¶§à§ß§Õ §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §¢§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ú  §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§í, §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯. §°§ß §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ê§Ú§â§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô, §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§å, §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ.

§¢§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ü§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §æ§à§ß§Õ§à§Þ, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 80 000 §Ü§Ñ§â§ä, §Ñ§ä§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ö§Û §Ô§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ô§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó.